Bluetongue trader notice importation of ruminant animals cattle, sheep and goats from bluetongue restricted zones pdf 206kb bluetongue disease faqs 2017 pdf 594kb advice on. The virion particle is a complex structure of consecutive layers of protein surrounding a genome of ten doublestranded ds rna segments. Btv isolate kuw201002, from 1 of only 2 sheep that also tested positive for btv by realtime reverse. Bluetongue virus btv infects ruminants, camelids, and occasionally large carnivores. Bluetongue virus btv is spread by insect vectors, culicoides midges, feeding on viraemic animals. Bluetongue zone extended south beef central, june, 2017 a copy of the latest bluetongue zoning map. Number of seropositive animals for bluetongue virus detected in brazil, from 2000. Bluetongue virus btv disease is a reportable animal disease under the biosecurity and agriculture management act 2007.
Sep, 2012 bluetongue bt is a noncontagious, infectious, arthropod transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by the bluetongue virus btv, the prototype member of the orbivirus genus in the family reoviridae. For the vaccination of healthy sheep and goats against type 10 bluetongue infections. Detection and specific identification of btv is a multistep process. Orbiviruses are insectborne viruses arboviruses transmitted.
Contains penicillin and streptomycin as preservatives. Bluetongue disease an overview sciencedirect topics. Immune response to bluetongue virus infection springerlink. A bluetongue protection zone was enforced in order to try and control the spread of the disease by restricting the movement of livestock and encouraging vaccination. Bluetongue virus btv is an insectvectored emerging pathogen of wild ruminants and livestock in many parts of the world. The virus is transmitted by a small biting midge of the culicoides genus rather than from animal to animal. The virus is transmitted by the midges culicoides imicola, culicoides variipennis, and other culicoids. It also describes the measures and wider framework in place to prevent and limit an incursion of disease. Infection in cattle, although of great epidemiological significance, is usually subclinical. Bluetongue virus btv is endemic in some areas with cattle and wild ruminants. A presente revisao objetivou apresentar os principais aspectos. Since the 1990s, btv has extended considerably north of the 40 th and even the 50 th parallel in some. Clinical bluetongue disease has not been recorded in any livestock species in the field.
Aug 14, 2014 this great britain bluetongue disease control strategy sets out the disease control measures we would consider if bluetongue virus was suspected or confirmed in farmed ruminants including cattle. Bluetongue virus btv is a pathogenic virus that causes serious disease in livestock. Incidence of bluetongue is seasonal, with animals contracting the disease mostly in august and september due to the virus being transmitted by biting insects. Currently there are 26 known serotypes of the virus, with different rates of virulence and mortality. Bluetongue virus outercapsid protein vp2 expressed in nicotiana. Pdf isolation and identification of bluetongue virus. The outer capsid of btv is composed of two proteins, vp2 and vp5, encoded. Btv is endemic in northern and parts of eastern australia figure 1. Bluetongue bt virus, an orbivirus of the reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges culicoides spp.
Clinical signs of bluetongue disease bt are usually more severe in sheep or whitetailed deer, particularly in populations previously unexposed to the virus. Jan 28, 2019 bluetongue trader notice importation of ruminant animals cattle, sheep and goats from bluetongue restricted zones pdf 206kb bluetongue disease faqs 2017 pdf 594kb advice on protecting livestock from bluetongue 2017 doc 433kb bluetongue repellents and insecticides pdf 83kb bluetongue virus factsheet new 2008 pdf 4,231kb. There are 29 different types serotypes of bluetongue virus btv which can infect domestic animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle, along with wild animals like buffaloes, deer, antelope and camels. Sheep and goats sampled in kuwait during february 2010 were seropositive for bluetongue virus btv. The existence of multiple serotypes complicates control, as immunity to one serotype may not be crossprotective against others. An insect vector spreads the virus and it only occurs. However, the virus may be spread by contaminated objects fomites, such as surgical. Barrattboyes sm, rossitto pv, taylor bc, ellis ja, mac lachlan nj.
General provisions for the purposes of the terrestrial code, bluetongue is defined as an infection of ruminants and camelids with bluetongue virus btv that is transmitted by culicoides vectors. Project methods bluetongue virus btv is transmitted by culicoides midges to wild and domestic ruminants, especially sheep, and results in significant economic losses from decreased. Diagnosis, prevention and control of blue tongue in sheep. Pdf diagnosis, prevention and control of blue tongue in sheep. Control of this vectorborne disease is difficult, except by vaccination. Bluetongue btv is a noncontagious disease of domestic and wild. An orbivirus virus belonging to the family reoviridae. Immune responses to bluetongue virus btv have been studied in a variety of animal species with the majority of studies being on the natural ruminant hosts, sheep and cattle. The existence of multiple serotypes complicates control, as immunity to one serotype may not be crossprotective against. The successful propagation of bluetongue virus in a tissue culture system has made it possible to obtain a relatively tissuefree suspension with a high virus titer and permits a more accurate determination of virus yield. Btv belongs to the family reoviridae, genus orbivirus with 20 recognised species in the genus. Of the 180 species of culicoides midges in australia, only six species occurring in northern australia have been shown to be capable of spreading bluetongue virus.
The measures to control and eradicate the disease include vectors control, use of insecticides in the animal premises and in the areas where these insects live. Bluetongue was first described in south africa, where it has probably been endemic in wild ruminants since antiquity. The dark yellow area is the bluetongue virus transmission zone. Bluetongue virus structure and assembly sciencedirect. Bluetongue virus btv is an arthropodborne orbivirus that infects sheep, wild ruminants and occasionally cattle. Bluetongue is a vectorborne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants such as sheep, goats, cattle and deer. Bluetongue is an insectborne viral disease to which all species of ruminants are susceptible. The bluetongue virus disease control strategy describes how an outbreak of bluetongue virus disease in northern ireland would be managed. Btv is a notifiable disease of ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats and camelids camels, llamas, alpacas, guanaco and vicuna. However, the virus may be spread by contaminated objects fomites, such as surgical equipment and needles.
Bluetongue is an infectious arthropodborne viral disease primarily of domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue disease is a noncontagious, insectborne, viral disease of ruminants, mainly sheep and less frequently cattle, goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. Barrattboyes sm, rossitto pv, taylor bc, ellis ja, mac. Overview of bluetongue generalized conditions veterinary. Btv was first observed in africa in the late 18th century, but has since been observed in australia, the united states, africa, the middle east, asia, and europe. Bluetongue virus zone map national arbovirus monitoring program namp data is gathered throughout australia by serological monitoring of cattle in sentinel herds, strategic serological surveys of cattle herds and trapping of insect vectors and used to develop the bluetongue virus zone map. The last major outbreak of bluetongue in england and wales occurred between 2007 and 2008. Bluetongue virus is an orbivirus that infects cattle and sheep.
Cattle may be infected with the virus but rarely show disease. The presence or suspicion of this disease must be reported immediately to the department of primary industries and regional development dpird. The doublestranded rna bluetongue virus induces type i. The severity of disease varies among different species with symptoms being most severe in sheep resulting in death, weight loss and disruption in wool. The virion particle is a complex structure of consecutive layers of protein. The following defines an the occurrence of infection with btv. Some species of culicoides or biting midges can spread bluetongue virus.
Mar 08, 2017 bluetongue is a vectorborne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants such as sheep, goats, cattle and deer. Wales and the rest of the uk achieved bluetongue free status in 2011. The cattle were not showing signs of clinical bluetongue disease and no virus was detected in the animals blood. Bluetongue is a notifiable disease and, where suspected, should be reported to animal health. Many other non bluetongue orbiviruses are also endemic in australia. Bluetongue bt is a noncontagious, infectious, arthropod transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by the bluetongue virus btv, the prototype member of. The transmission of the bluetongue virus requires an insect vector.
The successful propagation of bluetongue virus in a tissue culture system has made it possible to obtain a relatively tissuefree suspension with a high virus titer and permits a more accurate determination of. Infection with bluetongue virus btv is common in a broad band across the world, which until recently. It sets out the measures applied in such an eventuality. Bluetongue virus btv is an orbivirus that infects both domestic and wild ruminants and is transmitted by culicoides spp. Bluetongue virus general livestock diseases animal. Bluetongue is a noncontagious, viral disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants primarily sheep and including cattle and goats, that is transmitted by insects, particularly biting midges. Bluetongue virus zone map national arbovirus monitoring program namp data is gathered throughout australia by serological monitoring of cattle in sentinel herds, strategic serological surveys of cattle. Btv has been studied as a model system for large, nonenveloped dsrna viruses. Bluetongue virus search in cattle herds in new victorian. Whilst the actual virus has not been demonstrated in the victorian cattle herd, this is the first evidence of recent exposure of livestock to the virus in victoria. Bluetongue is not contagious and is not spread by contact between animals.
Novel bluetongue virus serotype from kuwait volume 17. For use in healthy sheep and goats as an aid in the prevention of type 10 bluetongue virus infection. General provisions for the purposes of the terrestrial code, bluetongue is defined as an infection of ruminants and camelids with bluetongue. Clinical bluetongue disease has not been recorded in any livestock species in the field in australia, with the exception of two minor incidents in sheep in darwin in 1989 and 2001. Bluetongue department of agriculture, environment and rural. However, despite being an rna virus, uvbtv did not signal through tolllike. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 btv8 was reported for the first time in europe in 2006, causing the largest bluetongue outbreak ever recorded. This great britain bluetongue disease control strategy sets out the disease control measures we would consider if bluetongue virus was suspected or confirmed in farmed ruminants.
If you suspect it you must report it immediately by calling the defra rural services helpline on 03000 200 301. There are 26 types of bluetongue virus btv and 10 of these have been isolated in australia. Bluetongue became endemic in the eastern mediterranean basin 71 with sporadic spillovers in cyprus, greece, spain and portugal 41, 46, 58. The strategy of bluetongue control in europe in the eastern mediterranean, a bluetongue episystem has been recognised since the first half of the 20th century. It is transmitted through the bites of certain species of culicoides midges. Early clinical diagnosis leads to a fast implementation of control measures. Aug 26, 2014 bluetongue is a notifiable animal disease.
Bluetongue virus btv is endemic in some areas with cattle and wild ruminants serving as reservoirs for the virus. Bluetongue virus can be transfered from the dam during pregnancy to the fetus. There are major gaps in understanding underlying mechanisms of bluetongue bt disease and hemorrhagic disease caused by a related virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus ehdv and transmission of different viruses, at the level of virus vectorhost interaction and at the herd population levels. Jul 04, 2016 the last major outbreak of bluetongue in england and wales occurred between 2007 and 2008. A bluetongue protection zone was enforced in order to try and control the spread of the disease. Etiology bluetongue results from infection by bluetongue virus, a member of the genus orbivirus and family reoviridae. Bluetongue bt is a noncontagious, infectious, arthropod transmitted viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is caused by the bluetongue virus btv, the prototype member of. Representative scheme of btv structural proteins and dsrna segments kindly taken from. Bluetongue is an arthropodborne viral disease of ruminants. Orbiviruses are insectborne viruses arboviruses transmitted by culicoides midges. Bluetongue is a noncontagious, arthropodborne viral disease of both domestic and wild ruminants. Bluetongue virus can infect all ruminants but it usually only causes serious disease in sheep. Bluetongue does not affect humans, but it can cause considerable damage to livestock populations. Bluetongue virus search in cattle herds in new victorian zone.
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